SOME DATES

1982-29-7 law No 82 652, known as law Fillioud (George, born 7-7-1929), devoting the principle of the freedom of communication (Article 1 "the citizens have right to a free and pluralist audio-visual communication"); the monopoly of the programming is abolished, the private people can reach the audio-visual installations, in the form of services or of programs, but art. 7 subjects the use of the radioelectric frequencies on the own territory to authorization of the State [ declaration for the services depending from interactive telematics, preliminary authorization for the diffusion of programs (radios and local televisions), concession of public utility for the services of hertzian television others that local ]; TDF preserves the monopoly of the diffusion; institution of the High Authority of the audio-visual communication (Haca) made up of 9 65 year old members to the max. [ 3 of which Pte (Michele Cotta, born 15-6-1937) indicated by Pt of Rép., 3 by Pt of the Senate, 3 by Pt of Ass. nat. ], renewed per third every 3 years (nonrenewable mandate), charged taking care of the respect of the great principles such as pluralism and balance and with guaranteeing the independence of the public utility (names Pts of the companies of programs and day before to the respect of their schedules of conditions by the organizations of the public sector), grants the authorizations of exploitation of the local services (hertzian radios, televisions and cabled networks); installation of a procedure for the attribution of the frequencies at the private local radios (TDF intervened for the establishment of the plan of frequencies while being a judge and left, since it determined the rules and ensured the diffusion of certain local radios). The decisions of Hte Autorité will hardly be respected (radios emitting without authorization, or on a frequency different from that allotted, or of a different place, or exceeding the authorized power). Introduction of a royalty on the video tape recorders; exemption of the royalty, for the old people and without resources, on the television receivers. The regional radios are attached to Radio-France. -17-9 decree 82 791 recreating FR3 which coordinates 12 regional co.s of TV.1983-1-1 FR3 opens with publicity. -1-2: 22 radios authorized in Paris. -17-8 Carbon-14 seizure. -5-9: 1st diffusion, of 17 H at 19. 55, of the clean programs on the 12 regional stations of FR3. -6-12 the State concedes at the Havas agency the chain with Canal+ toll, which will cover in 625 lines band VHF of 819 lignes.1984-16-2 authorization withdrawn with the Voice of the lizard (with power 30 times emitted higher than that authorized). -1-8 publicity authorized on private local radios. -4-11 launching of Canal+ with decoder. -4-12: 6 stations (NRJ, 95.2, Radio-Solidarity, Radio-Libertarian, T9F93, the Voice of the Lizard) suspended by the High Authority to have emitted with + of 500 W. -8-12: Paris, 50 000 manif. against these sanctions. - Dec. the High Authority gives up making apply the sanctions, although contraveners continue with émettre.1985-20-5 report/ratio of Jean-Denis Bredin (see p. 1141 a). -11-1 convention between TDF and NRJ: TDF will diffuse NRJ (which emitted to 40 kw, but the 20-2 NRJ denounces the agreement for bad technical quality of the diffusion). -31-1 the French Agency of communication (Harrowing group) deposits in front of the Council of State a recourse for abuse of power against the obligation made to the private local radios include in their own programs their news bulletins. -4/11-3 lawsuit brought by Radio France and TDF with Radio-Solidarity and 95.2 for "disorders caused on the frequency modulation" (will be released in Court of Appeal the 12-7-1986). - July: closing of Radio operator Gilda (created 1981). -31-7 creation of 2 radio relay systems multivilles, concessions with the co. France Five [ formed by Jerome Seydoux (brought together Chargers), Christophe Riboud (Ifop), Silvio Berlusconi (Fininvest) the 16-11-1985 ] and with the co. TV 6 [ (28-1-1986) Publicis (25 %), Gaumont (25 %), NRJ (18 %) ]. -19-9 Radio France Loire-Ocean compromises the hearing of Radio-Lark (500 000 listeners). -10-12 law allowing the same person to have 3 authorizations of private local radios. -13-12 RMC repurchases Free Fréquence and y diffuse of the emissions in the section of 20 %; law creating the legal framework of local private televisions. 1986-27-1 NRJ becomes one of the principal partners of the musical chain TV 6 at the sides of Gaumont, Publicis and Gilbert Gross. -20-2 beginning 5e chain, -1-3 of 6th. -30-9 law Léotard: the concept of local radio disappears, the networks are authorized. Replace Haca by the CNCL (national Commission of the communication and freedoms), installed officially 12-11-1986: 13 members: named by Pt of Rép. 2; of Ass. main road 2; Senate 2; Council of State 1; Supreme court of appeal 1; accounts 1; Academy Fr. 1; 3 qualified personalities co-opted by the named members. Budget (in 1988): 154,8 million F Effectif (in 1988): 250. Deliver the authorizations; scope extended to the private audio-visual sector and the planning of the frequencies (a person holding a national radiophonic network serving more than 30 million listeners can neither take the control of a 2e network of more than 15 million, nor to have 2 networks serving for example 30,1 and 15,1 million hab.) The capacity does not have to authorize the establishment and the use of installations of telecom reserved for a private use, the qualified min. of the postal and telecommunications authorities remaining for the networks open to thirds. For the cabled networks of distribution, the Directorate-General of Telecom loses its monopoly of control of work, the local communities being able to call upon other operators. 1987 attribution of the 5e and 6th chains to the Five (Harrowing Robert and Silvio Berlusconi) and M6 (CLT); privatization of TF1 allotted to Bouygues; 1st chains sets of themes of the cable: Paris First, Channel J Suppression of the royalty magnétoscope.1988 creation of tele local private hertzian in Toulouse.1989-17-1 law Tasca (Catherine, born 13-12-1941), replacing the CNCL by the SCA (see collar b). -3-10 directive concerning: publicity: maximum 15 % of the daily time of transmission and 20 % of the time sections of great listening; 2 years deadline between the exit in room of a film and its passage to the TV; rules of protection of the children and teenagers; obligation to diffuse a majority proportion of ·uvres Community each time it is realizable; when this proportion cannot be reached immediately, it should not be lower than that noted in 1988 (1990 for Greece and Portugal). A2 and FR3 will be joined together under a common presidency. 1990 Seven on radio relay system; creation of Arte. Antenna 2 becomes France 2 and FR3, France 3. -18-1: 2 decrees on questions of diffusion. The chains must immediately diffuse 50 % of audio-visual films and ·uvres of French origin and 60 % of Community origin. From the 1-1-1992, same quotas at the hours of great listening: each day from 18 to 11 p.m. and Wednesday afternoon (as of 2 p.m.). The obligations of production sat on the sales turnover Net of the chains, the excluded share of the regional emissions. For the audio-visual ·uvres, the TV main roads must choose, at the end of March 1990, to devote 15 % of their sales turnover Net to French orders and to diffuse of them at least 120 H precedes time of it, or to invest 20 % of their sales turnover in Community ·uvres, 15 % then going obligatorily to French ·uvres. Whatever their choice, the chains will have to support the rise of the private production independent by holding to him 10 % of their sales turnover. A co. of independent production should not hold more than 5 % of the capital of a chaîne.1991-1-1 the chains must at least devote 3 % of the sales turnover Net of their preceding exercise to the cinema production. -24/26-10 FM celebrates its 10 years [ 8 radios in 1981 (France Inter, France Culture, France Musics, Fip, Radio 7 and 3 experimental radios in province), 1 800 the 12-4-1991 ]. -29-12 law on the regulation of the télécoms.1992-18-1 law softener the quota system of diffusion of ·uvres French and European - stop April of the Five after its liquidation (-1-9: Arte diffused on its réseau).1994-1-2 law Carignon on the audio-visual one authorizes a shareholder to be held up to 49 % of the capital of a private chain: Cut, CGE and the co. gén. takes 48,7 % of Canal+; creation of the Fifth; modify the organization of the private radiophonic sector: the initial authorization (which cannot exceed 5 years) can be renewed by the SCA, except call with the candidatures, within the limit of 2 times and each time for one 5 years duration (except cases specified by the law). The SCA can deliver, except call with the candidatures, of the authorizations to emit by private hertzian way for one duration of less than 6 months. A quota of 40 % of songs of French expression (of which the half at least coming from new talents or new productions) is founded for the share of the programs made up of music of variety. The same person or entity can have several networks only insofar as the sum of the served populations does not exceed 150 TPS and hab.1996 launching million of the numerical bouquets CanalSatellite (April) (déc.).1998 new posting anti-violence.1999 project Catherine Trautmann (born 15-1-1951) on the audio-visual one: 1o) creation of France Television, holding charged to coordinate the policies of program and the actions of development and to manage the common businesses of France 2, France 3, Cinquième/La Sept-Arte; the totality of the capital of the chains will hold. Will have at his head a board of directors of 12 members, composed of 2 members of Parliament designated respectively by the French National Assembly and the Senate; 4 representatives of the State; 4 qualified personalities named by the SCA and 2 elected representatives of the personnel of which the chairman of the board of France Television, which will be a also chairman of the board of each chain and will propose the appointment of the general managers of each chain. 2o) Fusion Cinquième/La Sept-Arte. 3o) Lengthening at 5 years of the term of the offices of Pts de France Television and Ina. 4o) Creation of a cinema subsidiary company in each public chain. 5o) Modification of the operation of the files of Ina. 6o) Reduction of the time of publicity on France 2 and France 3 to 5 minutes (instead of 12) to the maximum per hour. 7o) budgetary Pluriannualité: contracts of objectives and means concluded with the State and being used as reference to the annual distribution of the resources. A single contract will be drawn up for France Television to determine objective and means of the group and those assigned with each chain the component. 8o) Transposition of the directive Television without borders (TSF) which envisages protection measures of the minors and the access in light of the public to the events of major importance, whose list will be fixed by decree, after consultation of the SCA. -30-12 creation of the chain parlementaire.2000-28-6 adoption of the bill of reform of the audio-visual one. The access of the associative chains of TV envisages to the attribution of frequencies in the numerical hertzian one; limit with 5 the number of authorizations in numerical mode. -31-8 decree No 2000-846 fixes the statutes of the co. holding France Televisions and its relations with its subsidiary companies France 2, France 3 and the Fifth. -3-11 the SJTIC (legal and technical Service of information and the communication) becomes DDM (Direction of the development of the médias).2001-9-5 Catherine Tasca, Minister for the Culture, presents a bill allowing the chains whose audience is lower than 2,5 %, or who are not the duplication of a main program, to be subjected to the rule not limiting the share of a shareholder to 49 %.