|
 | Television
worldwide |
WAVES
(characteristics, allocated frequency bands, channel,
DAB - Digital Audio Broadcasting) | |
| FRENCH NETWORKS (waves - radio relay systems, satellites, cable) | |
| TELEVISION (band-width, bouquet, camera, numerical compression, decoder, definition, screen, transmitters, home cinema, mac, video tape recorder, multiplexing, pay per view, pixel, péritel, receiver, control, rétroprojection, remote control...) | |
| TELEVISION(... color TV... ) | |
| TELEVISION (... high definition television- TVHD, numerical television, paying television, satellite television, television by ADSL, television by mobile, transmission, tridimensionality, video, videodisk, video transmission, vidéoprojection) | |
| STORY (television, private local stations) | |
| STATISTICS (equipment, information, antennas, cameras, decoders, video tape recorders, television sets) | |
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UER, ASBU, ABU, CBU, CIRTEF, CRPLF, Eureka audio-visual, Eurimages, Eurovision/Euroradio, EVN, Ibero-americano, Media 95, NANBA, European Observatory of audio-visual, URTI, URTNA, television markets) | |
| MAIN AWARDS AND FESTIVALS FOR TELEVISION (Awards from foreign associations) | |
| Television in France |
| 1793 - 1981(ORTF) | |
| 1982 - 2001(Haca, CNCL, CSA) | |
| PUBLIC SERVICES BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION (CSA, TDF, SFP, INA) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (Radio France Internationale -RFI, France Télévisions, France 2...) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (...France 3, France 5, Canal France International - CFI, RFO, Arte, SOFIRAD) | |
| CABLE IN FRANCE (Some dates) | |
| LE CABLE IN FRANCE (Some figures) | |
| EUROPEAN SATELLITES TV (Asiasat 2, Astra, Atlantic Sat, BSB, Eutelsat, Globalstar, Hispasat, HS 601, Intelsat, Kopernikus, Marco Polo, Olympus, TDF, Télécom 1, Télé X, Thor, Tv-Sat 1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (TF1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (Canal +, La Cinq, Canalsat, M6) | |
| LOCAL TELEVISIONS | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Share of audience, duration of listening, investigations of audience, records of audiences) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations, share of audience, by kind, age bracket) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations - continuation, Associations of televiewers, telephobia associations) | |
| BUDGET (finance law, fiction, right of diffusion, cost of some emissions, investments, royalty, open televisions accounts) | |
| YOUTH RATING (History, categories, committees of visionnage, criteria recommended by the CSA) | |
| MANPOWER (Permanent manpower in the audio-visual, manpower of the chains, number of companies) | |
| TELEVISION ADVERTISING (Audience, forms, legislation, spots diffused, advertising duration, advertising investments, advertising receipts, taxes, volumes, tariffs, TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal +, France 5, M6, international comparisons) | |
| SHOPPING TV (Messageries, television, defense of the consumerr) | WAGES (sporting Consultants - remunerations by events covered in €, wages of the principal organizers) |
| LINKS (Audio-visual: Radio/Television) | |
| LINKS (News and media, TV magazines) | |
| LINKS (Leisure, Television) | |
TELEVISION ADVERTISINGLions d'or 2001 du Festival international de la publicité de Cannes : spot TV: Chain Sports TV (India); press/posting: Diesel clothing; Internet: products Fjallfil Dairy, Nike shoes; all supports: countryside antitabac in Florida. Audience. Control: see p. 1145 a. Forms. "compensated" publicity: 1st allowed [ collective for groups of products or organizations official (national Lottery, Savings bank, etc.) ]. Of mark: introduced on the 1st chain: 1968 (1-4), 2e: 1971 (1-1), 3e: 1983 (1-1). Cobranding: advertising or promotional countryside presenting 2 marks (English brand) simultaneously. Examples: Ariel and Whirlpool; Twingo and several marks of shoes (for the launching of Twingo Easy). Infomercial (of information and commercial): advertising short film (90 S with 30 min; traditional spot: 30 S) built like a show around a product, presented by a personality which notes the veracity of the advertising promise. 1st in France: 1995 Ariel, round table manufacturers of clothing animated by Christine Bravo, realized by Saatchi & Saatchi, lasted 90 S; Philips, presented by Daniel Gélin, realized per Euro RSCG. In the USA, tariff much lower than the traditional spot: used (in 1996) by 65 % of the largest advertisers, 92 % of the commercial chains, generate 30 % of the receipts of the cabled chains; a specialized chain diffuses even minimercials (5 to 6 min) and storymercials (up to 30 min). Virtual publicity. Processes: Epsis of the co. Symah Vision (subsidiary of Multi-media Matra-Hatchet); replace a portion of real image by a digital image. Require 512 processors carrying out more than 10 billion operations a second; PEB (Princeton Electronic Billboard) [ the USA ], Scidel (Israel). Legislation. 1969 (janv.) : RFP (Governed French of publicity) created by decree. 1971: the advertising incomes should not exceed 25 % of the resources of the audio-visual public. Laws 1982 and 1986: Private TV created (resources: publicity 100 %). 1986: RFP replaced by the CNCL. 1987 (decree of the 26-1): the sponsored emissions must be announced like such in their credits. The messages relating to certain economic sectors, as the press or the distribution, are prohibited. 1992: Dissolved RFP. Obligations relating to the diffusion concerned with the book of the missions and the loads for the public chains, the decisions of authorization of the SCA for the private chains. Duration of the screens (per hour of daily antenna): TV private (TF1, M6): 6 min 1 (maximum 12 slipping min/heure); TV public (France 2, France 3, France 5): 6 min (maximum 8 min/heure slipping since the 1-1-2001); chains of the cable: in general, 9 min (maximum 12 min for a hour given). Screen stopping the ·uvres cinematographic and, between brackets, audio-visual: France 2: prohibited (prohibited); France 3: prohibited (prohibited); TF1: maximum duration: 4 min (4 min for ·uvres of long duration); M6: 6 min (without time limit); Canal+: diffusion in light only. Sectors prohibited with 1-1-2004: drinks of more than 1,2 degree of alcohol. Literary edition on hertzian analogical chains. Cinema. Distribution on hertzian analogical chains until 1-1-2007. Political publicity relating to the limitation of the electoral expenditure and the clarification of the financing of the political activities (Article 22 of the law of the 15-1-1990). Tobacco and products of the tobacco (law of the 9-7-1976, amended by the law of the 10-1-1991). Drugs refunded by the Social security. Weapons with fire. Offers and applications. Legal professions. Prohibition for the cinema rests on the desire not to privilege the large companies. That of the distribution aims at supporting the pluralism of the media. Authorizations: 1968: publicity of mark; 1969: female linen room; 1971: fuels; 1986: margarine; 1988-May: musical editions musical, phonographic and partitions; 2003-7-10: decree No 2003-960: authorize as of the 1-1-2004 opening of the publicity televised with the press, the literary edition (only on the chains of the cable and the satellite), the distribution (except commercial deals of promotion entirely being held or mainly on the own territory, and only on chains of the cable and the satellite until 2007). Nota :(1) Against 12 min on the public chains before the Trautmann reform of audio-visual (applied 1-1-2000). Consequences (in million F, 2000, is. AACC): France Televisions: - 2 178; TF1: + 600 to + 800; M6: + 300 to + 450; press magazine: + 300. Advertising investments of the sectors prohibited with the TV: amount: 2,3 billion · of which (in %) distribution 74, press 13, cinema 9, edition 4. Film cuts and fictions. 1 time to the maximum. The authorization of a 2e cut was considered: Patrick Lay (chairman of TF1) there was opposite because, at the time of privatization of TF1, the Bouygues group had engaged with the single cut independently of what the law said. Nicolas de Tavernost (general manager of M6) was for: "TF1 already profits from the 2e cut at least 4 evenings out of 7 in its programs except fiction"; it evaluated between 80 and 120 million F the loss of earnings of M6 due to lack of place in the screens of great audience, especially the evening. Diffused spots. Numbers: 1994: 374 105; 98: 471 913; 99: 498 270 of which (in thousands) TF1 133, M6 128, France 2 109, France 3 82, Canal+ 21, Fifth 25. Average duration of a spot (in 2003): 21 seconds. A French adult saw on average 13 min publicity televised by J in 1995 (an American adult: 55 min). Advertising duration (in H, 2004). Total national TV: 3 043. By chain: TF1: 846, M6: 776, France 2: 536, France 3: 448, France 5: 258, Canal+: 179. By time section: 7 h-12 H: 650; 12 h-14 H: 476; 14 h-17 H: 448; 17 h-19 H: 352; 19 h-22 H: 680; 22 h-24 H: 269; 0 h-7 H: 90 Advertising time: represent 7 % of all the offer of programs of the large national chains, that is to say 8,6 % of time devoted to look at the TV. Advertising investments (in million ·). Total: 5 175. By support (in 2004): TF1: 2 837; M6: 1 144; France 2: 621; France 3: 405; Canal+: 116; France 5: 52. By sector (share of market, in %, 2004): food 26,8, toilet-beauty 14, edition 11, transport 8,7, services 6,2, telecommunication 5,8, maintenance 5,2, information media 4,3, culture and leisures 3,4, drinks 2,8. First advertisers (in 2004): Danone 196,9, Nestle 156, Procter & Gamble 144,2, Ferrero 94,5, Oréal Paris 91,3, Universal Music 86,5, Rising Fabergé 86,1, Lascad 84,2, Reckitt Benckiser 80,3, Gemey Maybelline Garnier 77,4. Investments: 2000: 4 576; 01: 4 415; 02: 4 725; 03: 4 931,4; 04: 5 175. A number of marks: 2000: 3 843; 01: 3 665; 02: 3 943; 03: 4 088; 04: 4 080; messages: 2000: 476 694; 01: 439 665; 02: 489 559; 03: 530 872; 04: 544 143. Duration (out of H): 2000: 2 848; 01: 2 600; 02: 2 862; 03: 3 017; 04: 3 043. (Source: TNS Media Intelligence.) Advertising receipts (of billion ·). TF1: 2000: 1,57; 01: 1,5; 02: 1,51; 04: 1,64; France Televisions (France 2, France 3, France 5): 2000: 1,01; 01: 0,88; 02: 0,95; M6: 2000: 0,54; 01: 0,55; 02: 0,56; 04: 0,59. Source: The Platform. Tax on televised publicity. Created by the finance law for 1982. Amount: message at the maximum price of 1 000 F (HT): 10 F; between 1 001 F and 10 000 F: 30 F; between 10 001 F and 60 000 F: 220 F; superior with 60 000 F: 420 F. Sound volume of the spots. In 95 % of the cases, it exceeds that of the emissions; average deviations: more than 3 decibels, that is to say 50 % more than usual volume. Tariffs. Prime time 1 (spot of 30 S, examples, HT, in thousands of F, 1998): TF1: 418 (Wednesday 20. 34, in "Crowned Evening"), 534 (dim. 21. 41, in the medium of a match of world cup of football). France 2, Wednesday 20. 48: 319. M6, Monday 21. 30: 228 (20. 45: 198). France 3, Thursday 20. 57: 142. Canal+, Sunday 13. 45 before "the week of the Puppets": 141 (Monday 20 H: 111,5). the Fifth, Sunday 18 H: 10 Nota : (1) Periods of greater listening: prime time (20 h-22 H 30) and access premium time (19 h-20 H). Caption: tariffs (except contrary indication, in thousands of € HT, Mondays, source: Tariff Media, June 2005). Hours of diffusion in italic (spots of 30 S). TF1 1. 7.45 : 5,4. 8.05 : 7,1. 8.35 : 2,8. 9 : 2,5. 9.50 : 4. 10.30 : 4,3. 11 : 5,3. 11.33 : 6. 12.30 : 10,5. 12.40 : 21,5. 13 : 29,5. 13.30 : 31,5. 13.50 : 24,7. 14.10 : 19,5. 14.30 : 15. 15.10 : 18,7. 16.30 : 12,8. 17 : 11,7. 18.20 : 15. 19 : 25,5. 19.13 : 36. 19.43 : 51. 19.53 : 48. 20 : 53. 20.30 : 94. 20.40 : 97. 20.51 : 100. 21.41 : 100. 22.30 : 36. 22.40 : 32,5. 22.50 : 31. 23.10 : 28. 23.40 : 20,7. France 2 2. 6 : 0,2. 7 : 3. 7.30 : 4,3. 8.10 : 3,7. 8.35 : 2,8. 9 : 4,3. 9.30 : 2,5. 10.40 : 1,9. 11.10 et 11.25 : 2. 12.05 : 3. 12.20 : 3,9. 12.55 : 5,4. 13.35 : 5,1. 13.40 : 4,5. 14.55 : 3,4. 15.40 : 4,1. 18.50 : 6,7. 19.35 : 6,2. 19.50 : 15,1. 20.35 : 22,6. 20.40 : 17,5. 20.41 : 24,9. 20.42 : 21,8. 20.45 : 18,1. 20.46 : 27,7. 20.47 : 22,7. 21.55 : 4,8. 21.57 : 6,4. 21.58 : 8,7. 22.15 : 6,9. 22.40 : 5,4. 23.40 : 1,8. 23.50 : 1,2. 0.50 : 0,4. France 3 2. 7.05 : 0,2. 7.33 : 0,5. 7.53 : 0,5. 8.03 : 0,7. 9.43 : 3,4. 11.03 : 1,1. 11.45 : 1,4. 12.10 : 2,1. 12.35 : 7,2. 13 : 8. 13.20 : 4,3. 14.45 : 5,1. 15 : 4,1. 16.15 : 3,1. 18.30 : 3,1. 19.05 : 11,2. 19.30 : 15,3. 19.56 : 11,7. 20.30 : 8,6. 20.31 : 10,7. 21.56 : 5,9. 22.35 : 5,3. 22.55 : 3,5. 0.15 : 0,6. 0.45 : 0,3. Canal+ 3. 13.10 : 2,7. 13.30 : 1,3. 18 : 0,7. 19.00 : 1,3. 19.40 : 7. 20.01 : 10,4. 20.10 : 10,3. 20.40 : 7,8. 20.50 : 10,3. France 5 2. 6.40 : 0,04. 8.10 : 0,07. 9 : 0,92. 9.30 : 1,1. 10 : 1,29. 10.40 : 0,74. 11.40 et 11.42 : 0,74. 13.30 et 13.40 : 1,82. 14 : 1,1. 15.30 et 15.32 : 0,66. 16 et 16.02 : 0,88. 17.30 et 17.32 : 0,88. 18.02 : 0,66. 18.30 et 18.32 : 0,66. 18.57 : 1,37. M6 4. 7.15 : 1,4. 7.45, 8.05 et 8.40 : 2,2. 9.10 : 1,6. 10 et 10.05 : 0,8. 10.30, 10.55, 11.20 : 0,8. 11.50 : 1,4. 12.15 : 7,2. 12.30 : 6,8. 13.05 : 9,2. 13.25 : 6,6. 14.10 : 9,2. 15.15 : 5,6. 15.30 : 4,8. 16.10 : 4,4. 16.40 : 4. 17.10 : 3,2. 18.05 : 3,2. 18.30 : 6,8. 19 : 13,6. 19.30 : 19,2. 19.50 : 24,2. 20.05 : 29,6. 20.25 : 32,8. 20.40 : 34,8. 20.50 : 36,8. 21.40 : 40,8. 22.40 : 14,8. 23.10 : 12,8. 0.20 : 4,6. 0.40 : 3,2. 1.10 : 2. 2 : 0,8. Nota : (1) standard Tariff, of the 13 to the 19-6-2005. (2) Sector 1, of the 18 to 31-12-2004. (3) Tariff A, of the 28-3 to 30-4-2005. (4) Of the 1-5 to 30-6-2005. INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONSMaximum duration of publicity, in minutes per day, on national televisions. All.: ZDF 20, ARD 20. Austria: ORF 1 20. Belg./Lux.: RTL 68. Canada: 12 min/h (for all the stations). Spain: TVE 1 57, TVE 2 42. Finland: MTV 1 16, MTV 2 9. France: 12 min/h. Not "page" higher than 4 min 30 S (commercial chains) or 6 min (public chains). 1 only coupure/film. GB: ITV 90, 4e chain 50. Greece: ERT 35, YENED 75. Ireland: RTE 1 58, RTE 2 25. Italy: SPOKE 1 28, SPOKE 2 34, SPOKE 3 4, PRIVATE TV 15 %/H. P.-Low: P.-Low 1 21, P.-Low 2 15; maximum duration authorized by sem.: 6 h. Portugal: RTP 1 90, RTP 2 45. Switzerland: SRG (German) 23, SSR (Italian) 23, SSR (French) 23. Chains TV without commercial publicity. Belgium: RTBF. France/Allemagne: Arte. GB: BBC. Japan: NHK. Cost of publicity to the TV in the USA. 30 S on a wide-area network: 70 000 to 270 000 $, moy. 118 840 (CBS 120 700, NBC 118 100, ABC 117 700), on an independent TV: from 10 to 15 000 $. Radio message. 1 $ (small cities) with 300 $ or more. A number of commercials for foodstuffs per hour of program TV for youth: Australia 12, the USA 11, GB. 10, France 8, Greece 7, Germany 6, Netherlands 4, Sweden less than 1, Norway 0. The most expensive TV Spot : realized by the director of cinema Ridley Scott for the Macintosh computers of APPLE, according to 1984 of G Orwell. Cost: 600 000 $. Diffusion: 1 only time, in 1984, for 1 million $. | ||||||||
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