|
 | Television
worldwide |
WAVES
(characteristics, allocated frequency bands, channel,
DAB - Digital Audio Broadcasting) | |
| FRENCH NETWORKS (waves - radio relay systems, satellites, cable) | |
| TELEVISION (band-width, bouquet, camera, numerical compression, decoder, definition, screen, transmitters, home cinema, mac, video tape recorder, multiplexing, pay per view, pixel, péritel, receiver, control, rétroprojection, remote control...) | |
| TELEVISION(... color TV... ) | |
| TELEVISION (... high definition television- TVHD, numerical television, paying television, satellite television, television by ADSL, television by mobile, transmission, tridimensionality, video, videodisk, video transmission, vidéoprojection) | |
| STORY (television, private local stations) | |
| STATISTICS (equipment, information, antennas, cameras, decoders, video tape recorders, television sets) | |
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UER, ASBU, ABU, CBU, CIRTEF, CRPLF, Eureka audio-visual, Eurimages, Eurovision/Euroradio, EVN, Ibero-americano, Media 95, NANBA, European Observatory of audio-visual, URTI, URTNA, television markets) | |
| MAIN AWARDS AND FESTIVALS FOR TELEVISION (Awards from foreign associations) | |
| Television in France |
| 1793 - 1981(ORTF) | |
| 1982 - 2001(Haca, CNCL, CSA) | |
| PUBLIC SERVICES BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION (CSA, TDF, SFP, INA) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (Radio France Internationale -RFI, France Télévisions, France 2...) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (...France 3, France 5, Canal France International - CFI, RFO, Arte, SOFIRAD) | |
| CABLE IN FRANCE (Some dates) | |
| LE CABLE IN FRANCE (Some figures) | |
| EUROPEAN SATELLITES TV (Asiasat 2, Astra, Atlantic Sat, BSB, Eutelsat, Globalstar, Hispasat, HS 601, Intelsat, Kopernikus, Marco Polo, Olympus, TDF, Télécom 1, Télé X, Thor, Tv-Sat 1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (TF1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (Canal +, La Cinq, Canalsat, M6) | |
| LOCAL TELEVISIONS | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Share of audience, duration of listening, investigations of audience, records of audiences) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations, share of audience, by kind, age bracket) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations - continuation, Associations of televiewers, telephobia associations) | |
| BUDGET (finance law, fiction, right of diffusion, cost of some emissions, investments, royalty, open televisions accounts) | |
| YOUTH RATING (History, categories, committees of visionnage, criteria recommended by the CSA) | |
| MANPOWER (Permanent manpower in the audio-visual, manpower of the chains, number of companies) | |
| TELEVISION ADVERTISING (Audience, forms, legislation, spots diffused, advertising duration, advertising investments, advertising receipts, taxes, volumes, tariffs, TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal +, France 5, M6, international comparisons) | |
| SHOPPING TV (Messageries, television, defense of the consumerr) | WAGES (sporting Consultants - remunerations by events covered in €, wages of the principal organizers) |
| LINKS (Audio-visual: Radio/Television) | |
| LINKS (News and media, TV magazines) | |
| LINKS (Leisure, Television) | |
NATIONAL COMPANIESRADIO FRANCEMAISON DE RADIO FRANCEHead quarters: 116, avenue of the Pt-Kennedy, 75220 Paris Cedex 16. Architect: Henry Bernard (1912-94). Cost: 250 million F Inaugurée 14-12-1963. Surface: ground 3,6 ha, building 2,4 ha. External crown: circumference 540 m, height sector postpones 37 m (10 stages), before 24 m (6 stages), floor 30 000 m2, frontage aluminium 27 400 m2 (9 800 panels), corridors 5 km, 920 offices, 64 studios. Turn (rectangular): height 67,80 m, 23 stages (H. Bernard had imagined 130 to 140 m), section 32 × 14 Mr. Chauffage and air-conditioning by thermodynamic power station using the water of a major drilling of 550 Mr. Studios: broadcasting 64. Public emissions: room Olivier-Messiaen (920 places), being able to accomodate a full orchestra. Studio Charles-Trénet (257 pl.). Studio Sacha-Guitry (150 pl.). Occupation: Radio France (Owner); various tenants (RFI, Ina). Cost of work of rehabilitation (in million ·): 2004-05: 13,8; 2005-12 (prév.) : 238. Capacity of self-financing of Radio France: 25 to 30 %. Head quarters. 116, avenue du Pt-Kennedy, 75220 Paris Cedex 16. Minitel : 3615 Radio France. Internet : http://www.radio-france.fr. Organization. Design and programming of emissions of broadcasting. Ensure the management and the development of orchestras and choruses. P-DG. 1975 (janv.) Jacqueline Baudrier (née 16-3-1922) ; 1981 (juillet) Michèle Cotta (née 15-6-1937) ; 1982 (oct.) Jean-Noël Jeanneney (né 2-4-1942) ; 1986 (déc.) Roland Faure (né 10-10-1926) ; 1989 (févr.) Jean Maheu (né 24-1-1931) ; 1995 (déc.) Michel Boyon (né 30-4-1946) ; 1998 (déc.) Jean-Marie Cavada (né 24-2-1940) ; 2004 (mai) Jean-Paul Cluzel (né 29-1-1947). Secretary-general with the presidency: Patrice Cavelier. General deputy manager : Alain Massé (strategy and development), Martin Adjari (management and production). Assistant general manager: Sylvain Anichini (new techniques and technologies), Didier Tourancheau (social development and human resources) and Christine Berbudeau (communication, event-driven and public relations). Headcounts (au 31-12-2004). 4 020 permanent (including 600 journalists). Direction of the music. Direction: Jacques Taddéi (born 5-6-1946). Continuing educations: National France orchestrates (created 1934): 120 musicians; direction musical: Kurt Masur. Philharmonic orchestra (created 1976): 138 musicians; dir. musical: Myung-Whun Chung. Chorus of Radio France (created 1946): 110 chorus-singers; chief of ch·ur: Philippe White; delegated general: Yves Rousseau. Control Radio France (created 1946): 80 pupils (boys and girls); dir. musical: Toni Ramon. Direction of the development, the new products and the multi-media one. Created January 1999. Dir.: Pascal Delannoy. Operational budget (bill of finances 2005, in million euro). Resources: 531,3 of which royalty 479,7, publicity and sponsorship 35,9, sales and provisions of services 15,7). Loads: personnel costs 309,1, taxes, taxes and equivalents 18,8, equipments with depreciation 23,2, purchases and loads external 168, other loads of management 28,7. Annual time volume of diffusion in 2003. Except satellite: 457 756 of which national programs 44 055 of which France Inter 9 015 (of which unhookings long waves 255), France Culture 8 760, France Musics 8 760, France Information 8 760, Mouv' 8 760; local area networks: 413 701 of which France Blue 91 980, Fip network 35 040, local radios 283 718, "107,7 FM" (radio of motorway) 8 760, various 203. By satellite: Eutelsat (in analogical subcarrier of TV5) 26 280, numerical bouquet Channel-Satellite 61 320, numerical bouquet TPS 70 080, banks of programs Sophia 8 760. Numerical terrestrial DAB (in Paris, Marseilles, Toulouse and Nantes): 52 560. Programs. France Inter: Paris-inter created 1947, become France Inter 1963. Program nat. diffused 24 h/24 in stereophony. Transmitters: long waves: 1 in Allouis (Expensive) of 2 000 kw - 1852 m/162 Khz; frequency modulation: 126 from 0,25 to 10 kw and 378 of complement from 1,5 to 100 W; satellite: on Astra: 19,2o Is in DVB; on Eutelsat: Hot Bird 1: 1,13o Is into analogical; bouquet TPS: Eutelsat DBB numerically; DAB on Paris, Lyon, Marseilles, Toulouse and Nantes. Emissions seniors: "Play of the 1 000 franks" (created by Henri Kubnick, 1959, Monday at Friday 12. 45, presented by Louis Bozon). "Hello Macha" (1977, Monday at Friday 0. 30-1. 30). "A the hour of pop" (the ex - "Pop Club"; 1965, Monday at Friday 22. 10). "the Mask and the Feather" (1954, Sunday 20 H). "the telephone sounds" (1978, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday 19. 20, presented by Alain Bedouet since 1984). Dir. station: Gilles Schneider (Born 1943). France Culture :created 1963. Diffusion: in MF, 24 h/24 in stereophony. Transmitters: 355 from 1,5 to 100 W and 124 of 200 W and 10 kw. France Culture Europe (ex-Victor): cultural programme and of information per satellite (Eutelsat II-F6 says "Hot Bird 1"), 24 h/24, composed of emissions of France Culture (75 %), France Musiques (20 %), and of cultural emissions carried out by one of the radios members of the RFP (public French-speaking Radios). Director: Laure Adler (Born 11-3-1950). France Musiques :created 1963 per Jean-Marie Oberlin (1901-70) and Constant Marius (born 7-2-1925). Diffusion: in MF, 24 h/24 in stereophony. Transmitters: 108 from 0,25 to 12 kw and 226 of complement from 1,5 to 100 W diffused Concerts: 1 000, of which produced by Radio France: + of 200. Director: Thierry Beauvert. Hector (first name of Berlioz): musical program diffused by satellite, composed of CD audio disks, each day between 1 a.m. and 7 H on France Musics. France Info :created 1-6-1987, by Roland Faure (born 10-10-1926) and Jerome Bellay (pseudo of Domenica Quenin, born 10-10-1942). 1st radio of information continues in France; since June 1993, into analogical on the satellite of Eutelsat II-F6 (Hot Bird), since June 1996 on CanalSatellite via Astra, since April 1999 numerically clearly on TPS via Eutelsat (Hot Bird) and since 21-2-2000 "numerical whole". On line on Internet since seven. 1995 (1st radio in Europe). Diffusion: out of FM and OM, 24 H out of 24. Transmitters: 210 out of FM, 16 in OM. Director: Michel Polacco. Fip : created 5-1-1971, by Pierre Codou and Jean Garetto (born 20-2-1932)"to radiocontrol" the Parisian ones in the congestions. FM diffusion 24 h/24 in stereophony. Zones of diffusion: Bordeaux (96.7), Nantes (95.7), Paris (105.1), Strasbourg (92.3); Whole France on CanalSatellite since 1997. Director: Domenica Pensec Le Mouv' : created 17-6-1997 for the 15-35 years. Sit: Toulouse. Potential listeners in 2003: 17 million. Transmitters: 17 (Ajaccio, Aix-en-Provence, Angers, Brest, Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Lille, Lyon, Marseilles, Mende, Nantes, Nice, Paris, Rheims, Rennes, Toulouse, Valence) + CanalSatellite, TPS, Entirely numerical Web, of the production to the diffusion. Diffused on the cable since 10-10-1997. Music 70 % of leading contents (services, information and dialogue) 30 %. Dir.: Frederic Schlesinger. France Bleu. Origin: 1975: after the partition of the ORTF, FR3 deals with the radios in area. 1980 Radio France tries 3 experiments: Northern frequency (regional), Radio-France-Mayenne (departmental), Melun FM (urban). 1982 receive mission of developing decentralized radios and take again the regional radios whose FR3 had the load. Create 7 local radios, "radios of country" having clean transmitters. 1982-89 creation of other local radios and 1983 assumption of responsibility of the 22 radios resulting from FR3. 2000-4-9 fusion of the 38 local radios and Blue Radio; takes the Blue name of France. Network (to the 1-6-2005): 42 antennas in France. Peripheral activities: 7 workshops of radiophonic creation: The Provence-Alps-Méditerranées, Large Western, South-western, Great East, Paris: 3 (fiction, memory, serials, series musical, documentary). 5 interregional centers of management: Avignon, Besancon, Bordeaux, Nantes, Paris. 8 regional engineering departments: Béziers, Bordeaux, Limoges, Lyon, Marseilles, Paris, Rennes, Strasbourg. Cover a little more than 71 % of the territory (to the 1-5-2005). Dir.: Michel Meyer. Listeners: (janv.-March 2005): 3 443 000. Sorbonne-Radio France : created 1947. Since 1984, an association law 1901 instituted a partnership between Radio France and the vice-chancellorship of the academy of Paris-Island of France. Medium waves (312 m), frequency 963 Khz. Radio academic annually diffusing in Paris area a selection of course and conferences coming from the 8 universities of intramural Paris, Inalco ("languages O") and College of France. 40 H hebdo (9 h-17 H, of Monday at Friday during the academic year). Emission stopped since 1997, taken again Nov.. 2003 per numerical way, the microcomputer of the student acting as radio operator receiver. Urgences-Radio France :created 24-1-1994 for the people in professional or personal rupture. Since 5-3-2001, "Arranges Urgencies" develops any initiative recreating the social bond. Sophia :created April 1996. Program "Musique/Information" worked out for the associative and commercial radios independent, retransmitted 24 h/24 by the satellite Telecom 2d. Music: 55 % of French song (color "pop-rock'n'roll"). National and international information: 17 go daily. Animated between 5 a.m. and 1 H the following day (28 weekly chronicles, headings: cinema, interviews, multi-media, books...). « 107,7 FM, Programme Radio France » : created June 1995, realized in partnership with Sanef (Company of the motorways of the North and the East of France). Road information uninterrupted on the way Paris-Arras-Calais (motorways A1 and A26) and Coutevroult-Strasbourg (A4). Technical installation designed and exploited by Radio France. Diffusion: 24 h/24 with 5 zones of unhooking for specific local information, in RDS on a Synchronous FM network on 107,7 MHz with MT on network of 107,7 FM and EON-TA on network of Radio France (the listening of a program of Radio France allows on A1, A26 and A4 while profiting from the infos urgently of 107,7 FM). Bilingual français/anglais, with a point traffic all the 10 min and the resumption on line of the flashes of "France Information Express train" all the 30 min. RADIO FRANCE INTERNATIONALE (RFI)Headquaarter. In Radio France. Origin. Colonial station 1931-6-5: 1st emission in short waves since the studio of the colonial Exposure in Paris. 1935-1-4 service in foreign languages. World Paris, 1938-1-4 replaces the colonial Station. 1940-17-6 interruption of the emissions attached to Radio-Paris. Radio-Brazzaville 1940-5-12 beginning emissions short waves. 1943-18-6 official inauguration (more powerful transmitters). 1964-1-2 becomes relay (until the 22-9-1972). RFI 1975-6-1 created. 1983-1-1 autonomous co. of broadcasting towards the foreigner, subsidiary of Radio France. 1986-30-7 national co.. -30-9 chairman named by CNCL. -3-12 independent co.. 1993-22-11 Alliss (1st Volga antenna, short waves, multidirectional) startup with Allouis-Issoudun. 2000-1-3 agreement of satellite diffusion with Worldspace on Africa, Close relation-and the Middle East. 2004 repeat broadcast 24h/24 out of FM by 132 relays. Organization. Projects co-operation and service of a news service specialized on the Third World: MFI (Media Intercontinents France) Created 1-5-1982. P-DG. 1975 (janv.) Jacqueline Baudrier (née 16-3-1922). 1981 (juillet) Michèle Cotta (née 15-6-1937). 1985 (oct.) Jean-Noël Jeanneney (né 2-4-1942). 1986 (déc.) Henri Tezenas du Montcel (1942-94). 1989 (30-11) André Larquié (né 26-6-1938). 1995 (27-11) Jean-Paul Cluzel (né 29-1-1947). 2004 (juin) : Antoine Schwarz (né 9-8-1943). Secretary gén. with the presidency: Jean-Claude Benoist. Assistant DG in charge of the development: Jean-Claude Kuentz. Assistant DG in charge of information: Bernard Brigouleix. Manpower (to the 1-1-2005): 832 permanent including 374 journalists and 458 technical staff and administrative Subsidiary companies. RMC The Middle East, Delta RFI (Romania), RPL Radio operator Paris Lisbon (Portugal), RFI Sofia (Bulgaria), RFI Deutschland. Statistics. Regular listeners: 40 million. Languages employed with the antenna: 19 Weekly time volume: 344. 15 of which in Arabic 91 H, English 38. 30, Spanish 28 H, Bulgarian 25 H, Slavic languages of south 17. 30, Polish 15. 45, German, Chinese, Portuguese, Rumanian, Russian, Vietnamese 14 H, Brazilian, Persan 10. 30, Kampuchean, Laotian 7 H, Albanian 3. 30, Turkish 1 H, Creole 30 min. Points of diffusion. Short waves: 19 points of emission, 30 transmitters from 100 to 500 kw. Medium waves: 3 transmitters of strong power (China, Cyprus, Taiwan) and transmitting buildings (Paris, Moscow, St-Pétersbourg, Washington). FM: 103 points of emission. Several satellites of diffusion Budget (in million F). 1995: 651,6; 96: 735,5; 97: 737,8; 98: 773,2; 99: 725,2; 2000: 745,2; (in million €): 01: 123,5; 02: 128,4; 03: 129,5; 04: 126,9; 05: 130. Resources (in 2005): contest of the State 125,8 (of which subsidy of the min. of the Foreign Affairs 72,1), royalty 53,7, resources clean 4,2 (of which publicity 0,6). Distribution of the expenditure (in 2005): external services 37,3, loads of personnel 64,2, other services 12,5, depreciation and provisions 4,8, purchases 3,2, obligatory contributions 4,6, other current loads of management 3,3, financial expenses 0,1. FRANCE TÉLÉVISIONSHeadquarter. Since mid-1998: House France Televisions, 7, esplanade Henri-of-France, 75907 Paris Cedex 15, 57 000 m2. Cost: 1,7 billion F Architecte: Jean-Paul Viguier. Organization. Includes: France 2, France 3 (which replaces Antenne 2 and France Area 3 since the 7-12-1992) and their subsidiary companies France 2 Cinema, France 3 Cinema, France Televisions Publicity, France Televisions Distribution the Mediterranean Film Production; France 5. Pt commun (loi du 2-8-1989) : 1989 (30-8) Philippe Guilhaume (30-5-1942/13-8-1994) ; 1990 (14-12) Hervé Bourges (né 2-5-1933) ; 1993 (13-12) Jean-Pierre Elkabbach (né 2-9-1937) ; 1996 (6-6) Xavier Gouyou-Beauchamps (né 25-4-1937) ; 1999 (28-5) Marc Tessier (né 21-12-1946) ; 2005 (22-8) Patrick de Carolis. Harmonization of the programs, common policy of the sports and concerted strategy of development. DIFFERENCES: France 2: diffusing 24 h/24, proposes to the largest audience popular emissions of quality; France 3: supported on its 24 regional editions and 33 local, also a national program general practitioner proposes. Law of 1-8-2000: France Télévisions becomes co. holding and France 2, France 3 and France 5, its subsidiary companies to 100 %; Pt appointed for 5 years. Participations common to France 2 and France 3 (in %, 1999). Numerical France Televisions 100, TV5 Satellimage 33,32, Euronews (Secemie) 29,6, Médiamétrie 21,5, Festival (France Tele Films) 56, TPS via France Televisions Undertaken 8,5. Participation of France 2: Mezzo (via France Tele Music) 40 ; de France 3 : Music 3 : 80, La Cinquième 5, La Sept 44,12, Régions 50. Jean-Pierre Elkabbach had claimed 1,2 billion F to the gouv., calling upon the disastrous financial standing left by Herve Bourges, who had already received 1 billion F in 1992. Deficit 1994: approximately 0,6 billion F (in 1997 and 98: benéfices). Recapitalisation: of 355 million F (including 250 versed in 1994, 105 in févr. 1995). Sales turnover (in million ·). 2001: 2 200 [ of which (in %) France 3 41,6, France 2 41,6, France 5 6, other diffusers 1, production 2, other activities 7 ]; 03: 2 372; 04: 2 667,4 of which royalty 1 632,7. Net income:2001 : 36,1 ; 03 : 14,2 ; 04 : 25,4. FRANCE 2Headquarter. See France Télévisions. Organization. National co. of television: diffuse on the whole of the territory metropolitan (law of the 30-9-1986, art. 44-1). Design, production and programming of emissions of television P-DG. 1975 (janv.) Marcel Jullian (31-1-1922/28-6-2004). 1977 (déc.) Maurice Ulrich (né 6-1-1925). 1981 (août) Pierre Desgraupes (18-12-1918/16-8-1993). 1984 (nov.) Jean-Claude Héberlé (né 3-2-1935). 1985 (oct.) Jean Drucker (12-8-1941/18-4-2003). 1986 (déc.) Claude Contamine (né 29-8-1929). 1989 (10-8) Philippe Guilhaume (1942-94), Pt A2 et FR3, démissionne 19-12-1990. 1990 (déc.) Hervé Bourges (né 2-5-1933). 1993 (déc.) Jean-Pierre Elkabbach (né 2-9-1937). 1996 (6-6) Xavier Gouyou-Beauchamps (né 25-4-1937). 1999 (28-5) Marc Tessier (né 21-12-1946). 2005 (22-8) Patrick de Carolis. Dir. gén. : 1989 (27-9) Jean-Michel Gaillard (né 16-5-1946). 1991 (10-1) Éric Giuily (né 10-2-1952). 1992 (sept.) Georges Vanderchmitt (né 26-7-1949). 1994 (janv.) Raphaël Hadas-Lebel (né 24-4-1940). 1996 (juin) Michèle Pappalardo (née 12-10-1956). 1999 (juin) Michèle Cotta (née 15-6-1937). 2002 (juin) Christopher Baldelli (né 10-2-1965). Dir. de l'information : Arlette Chabot (née juillet 1951). Headcounts (au 31-12-2004). 1 598 permanent collaborators. Terrestrial diffusion. Colors in 625 lines (Secam). UHF (with the 1-1-2000 population 99,9 %). Since July 1991, opening of the antenna 24 h/24. Transmitters: principal 112, relay transmitters 3 377, networks Community 247. Satellite diffusion in 625 lines Secam on Telecom 2B, numerically DVB on Atlantic Bird 3 (TPS) (in déc. 1996, served population: 100 %) and on Astra (CanalSatellite) in 2001. Budget (in million ·, 2004). Resources: 1 017,3 of which royalty 615,9, publicity 357, sponsorship 40,2, other resources 4,2. Expenditure: 1 015 of which programs 492,3, taking away 118,4, information 135, sports 138,1, diffusion 66,6, overhead 37,4, others 27,1. Sales turnover: 2004: 1 116,3. Programming (in 2003). 8 760 H of which, in %, information 17,98, fictions 17,74, entertainments 14,02, magazines 14,02, documentary 7,04, youth 5,05, sports 5,99, cinema 3,64, religious emissions 2,68, theatre, music 0,78, various (pub/promotion) 9,51. Subsidiary companies (see collar b). | ||||||||
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