Created by the law of the 17-1-1989, amending and supplementing the laws of the 30-9 and 27-11-1986. Replace the CNCL. Official installation 13-2-1989.

Headquarters.  Tour Mirabeau, 39-43, quai André-Citroën, 75739 Paris Cedex 15.

Pt :  Dominique Baudis (né 14-4-1947).

Advisers 1: 8. Named by Pt of Rép.: Domenica Baudis 4, Agnes Vincent 2 (born 27-1-1945, widow of Jacques Deray), Michele Reiser 3; by Pt of the Senate: Marie-Laure Denis 3 (Born 25-9-1943), Philippe Levrier 4 (Born 27-5-1949), Élisabeth Flüry-Hérard 2,5 (Born 26-5-1952); by Pt of Ass. main road: Sylvie Genevoix 3, Francis Beck 4 (Born 11-5-1947), Christian Dutoit 2 (Born 18-10-1940). The functions of member of the SCA are incompatible with any elective mandate, public employment and another occupation. The members cannot, directly or indirectly, to exert functions, to receive fees, they cannot hold interests in a company of audio-visual, cinema, edition, press, publicity or telecommunications. Foot-note: (1) Elected officials for 6 years: until in janv.: (2) 2009, (3) 2011, (4) 2007. (5) elected April 2002, re-elected. Budget (in million euro). 2005: 31,95.

Manpower (in 2004). 390 including 278 permanent.

General missions. Independent authority which ensures the equal treatment; guarantees the exercise of the freedom of the audio-visual communication, the independence and the impartiality of the public sector of the sound radio and TV; take care of the adolescence and child welfare, to support the free competition, with the quality and the diverHeadquartery of the programs, the development of the audio-visual production and creation main roads and with the defense and the illustration of the language and culture Frenchwomen. It can formulate proposals on the improvement of the quality of the programs. It Formula One an opinion on the principal decisions taken by the government in the audio-visual field. Consulted on the definition of the poHeadquarterion of France in the international negotiations on the radio and the TV. Support the coordination of the poHeadquarterions of the public and private services of audio-visual communication on the international level; exert a control on the contents and the methods of programming of the advertising emissions diffused by the national co.s of program and the authorized services of audio-visual communication.

Particular competences. Public sector: name administrators in the public organizations of audio-visual and Pts of the national co.s of program (of Radio France, RFO, RFI, and common Pt for France 2, France 3 and the Fifth: law of the 1-8-2000); fix the rules of the electoral emissions and direct expression, and the methods of the right of counterpart; take care of the respect of the obligations of the books of the missions and loads. Private sector: authorize the use of the frequencies other than those of the State for the diffusion of the services of audio-visual communication per terrestrial hertzian way and of the services of sound radio and tele per satellite; services of radio (for 10 years with max., renewable except call with candidature 2 times max., for 5 years), exploitation of the cabled networks (30 years) [ the diffusion of a chain on a cabled network is subordinated to the conclusion of a convention passed between the SCA, in the name of the State, and the service concerned ]. Control the respect of the obligations to which these various services are fixed. Receives the preliminary declarations of the services of audio-visual communication which are subjected there. Pt of the SCA has quality to act as justice in the name of the State.

The SCA is inefficient for: to carry out the direct sasine of an administrative penal judge or a commercial court; satellites [ contrary to Federal the Communication Commission (FCC) in the USA or the Canadian Council of broadcasting and telecommunications (CRTC) ]; telecommunications [ field of the Authority of regulation of telecommunications (ART) ]; the Internet. Sanctions. In the connection of the public and private sectors: suspension of the authorization (for the private chains) or of a part of the program (for all the chains); pecuniary penalty; public sector: the SCA can revoke Pt of the national companies of program; private sector: reduction of the duration or withdrawal of the authorization. Relays of the SCA, the radiophonic technical committees (CTR), created by the law of the 17-1-1989 in the 16 areas defined by the decree of the 7-9-1989, propose with the SCA a "preselection" candidates and take care that the radios observe the conditions of their authorization. Reproaches of the Council of State to the SCA. In a stop, the Council of State implicitly blamed the legality of "official statement 34" of the 29-8-1989 defining 5 categories of radios [ noncommercial radios (A), commercial with local or regional vocation independent (B), commercial affiliated or franchized with a network or subscribed with a supplier of programs (C), commercial with national vocation sets of themes (D), commercial with national vocation general practitioners (E) ], on the basis of which the calls with candidatures are launched, and which is accompanied by principles of which that on the local publicity "exclusively intended for the financing of local programs". The Council of State estimates that neither the law of the 30-9-1986 on the communication, nor "no other legislative text give competence to the SCA to enact such a rule"; it concludes with "the illegality from the conditions posed by the SCA to make application form" and thus cancels the decisions which follow upon the call of the 9-2-1990, "sullied with abuse of power".

Sanctions (Article 42-1) inflicted with televisions by SCA [ MF: million F ]. Five: 1989-10-2 non-observance of the audio-visual quotas of diffusion of eurouvres of French original expression enters the 1-3 and the 1-12-1988: 12,17 MF; -12-7 non-observance of the quotas during the 2e exercise: 60,01 MF; -1-8 interruption with 4 recoveries, by advertising screens, film "Hunter of gang": 4 MF; -21-12 diffusion of a telefilm and a comprising episode of series of the scenes likely to seriously run up against the senHeadquarterivity of the children and teenagers: 3 MF; 1990-20-12 same reasons for 3 telefilms: 2 MF; 1991-22-2 infringement with the regulation on sponsorship: 0,129 MF. M6: 1989-12-7 deficit in the diffusion of eurouvres Community during the 2e exercise: 0,485 MF; -21-12 diffusion, without preliminary warning, of "the Cry of died" and "the quiet Witness": 0,5 MF; "the Angel of revenge" and "Assassin in basement": 5 MF; 1992-30-1 diffusion of a telefilm ("Black Cobra") comprising scenes of inadmissible violence and cruelty: 0,2 MF. 2002-15-7 150 000 euro for clandestine publicity in "Loft Story 1" of 5-7-2001. TF1: 1991-22-2 infringement with the regulation on sponsorship: 2,3 MF; -17-5 diffusion of scenes of violence and sadism in emissions intended for youth: diffusion of an official statement before the television news of 28-5-1991; 1992-22-4 infringement with the regulation on sponsorship: 4,98 MF; -28-7 non-observance, in 1991, of the obligation to diffuse a minimal annual volume time of 120 H of eurouvres audio-visual of French original expression in 1st diffusion in light in France and from which the diffusion begins between 20 and 21 H: 30 MF; 1994-1-4 2 goings beyond (81 seconds the 21-10-1992 and 94 the 26-6-1993) of the maximum duration of the publicity authorized for a hour given (12 minutes): 2,8 MF (175 S with 16 000 F); -7-7 infringement with the regulation on sponsorship and publicity: 1,5 MF; 1996-13-2 non-observance of the quota of 60 % of eurouvres European in 1995: 45 MF (to be invested in the audio-visual production). Oct.. 1995: the SCA refuses an advertising cut in an emission for children diffused saturdays morning. Since 1995 (to the 26-4-2001): 1 sanction for France 3, 2 for France 2. The 15-5-2001, the SCA sent to Skyrock a setting in residence (being able to involve a sanction or a withdrawal of authorization to emit) for the remarks "seriously attentatoires with the human dignity (...)" of the emissions of the Difool organizer commenting on "Loft Story". The 15-7-2002, RFM amends of 50 000 euro: non-observance of the quota of diffusion of the songs of French expression. The family associations recognized by Unaf (see the chapter Family) can seize the SCA if the chains TV did not respect their obligations as with the limitation of violence and the erotism (law No 94-88 of the 1-2-1994). See p. 1146.

Headquarter. 10, street of Oradour-on-Glane, 75732 Paris Cedex 15.

Origin. 1974-Sept. partition of the ORTF of which TDF (Remote transmission of France). 1987 publicly-owned establishment related to commercial industrial and, becomes an anonymous co.. 1991 subsidiary company to 100 % of France Telecom. 2002-Dec. transfer by France Telecom of 64 % of the capital: Case of Capital the Equity DepoHeadquarters 19 %, Charterhouse Development Capital (British group) 45 %. Pt. 1975 (janv.) Jean Autin (1921-91). 1980 (déc.) Maurice Rémy (born 17-6-1933). 1983 (janv.) François Schoeller (born 25-3-1934). 1986 (April) Claude Contamine (born 29-8-1929); (déc.) Xavier Gouyou-Beauchamps (Born 25-4-1937). 1992 (janv.) Bruno Chetaille (Born 31-3-1954).

Capital. 166 956 512 euro.

Sales turnover (TDF unit of businesses, in million euro): 2000: 737; 01: 775; 02: 868; 03: 895; 04: 926. Manpower (in 2004): 4 167.

Customers: 1 700.

Activities. Major actor of the diffusion audio-visual in Europe and service provider for the operators of telecommunications. Develop services of multi-media information in intelligent transport and the diffusion on Internet. sites: more than 7 500. TV: France (23 million hearths): TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5/Arte, M6, RFO, TLM, TéléNantes, Nantes 7, Channel The Antilles, Channel Meeting, Calédonie Channel, Channel Polynesia, Guyana Channel, ATV, Antenna Meeting, TLT, TV 8 Mount Blanc, TMC, Clermont First, TV7 Bordeaux, TN TV, Channel 32. Total frequency TV numbers diffused: 14 500. Production engineering services to the diffusion of images with Video TDF Service (Visual 102 and Cognac-Jay Image). Radio: Radio France, RFO, RFI, CLT, Lagardere Activate, Management, Radio Traditional, Groupe Nextradio, Radio operator South, group NRJ, LV & CO, and the companies of motorways: ASF, APRR, SAPN, ATMB, Escota (frequency 107,7) out of 4 500 km of motorways.

Telecommunications networks: deployment of sites; extension of the services in the tunnels and subways; take part in the deployment of the UMTS. Customers: SFR, Orange, Bouygues Telecom, Squadran, e.message, ministry for the Interior, national Gendarmerie, DDE, Customs, Samu, firemen. International TDF: present in Spain, Finland, Poland, Estonia. Antennas: Numerical space. Numerical TV: take part in European work of consortium DVB and the working groups French. Experimental platform: startup seven. 1998 in Brittany: guide electronic programs, numerical local unhooking, access control, attribution of a part of the resource for the data or the services multimedia.

Other experiments: in mountainous areas (the Vosges, Ariège), 1st diffusion in real size since the Eiffel tower in April 2002. 31-3-2005: launching of the TNT in France, on 17 sites covering 35 % of the population. Information multi-media: V-traffic: 1st service of information traffic in real time in the world; TDF-ISIC: information travellers on the stops of bus. Diffusion on Internet: European leader for the diffusion and referencing on Internet of the radios and TV with TV-RADIO.COM and COM.FM. Seek: 400 patents of international significance.

SFP

Headquarter. front 2, of Europe, 94366 the Cedex Bry-on-Marne.

Created by the law of the 7-8-1974 (partition of the ORTF): French co. of audio-visual production and creation.

Chairman. 1975 (janv.) Jean-Charles Edeline (Born 22-2-1923); 1978 (Oct..) interim: Bertrand Labrusse (Born 7-6-1931); 1979 (janv.) Antoine of Clermont-Thunder (born 18-6-1941); 1984 (janv.) Bertrand Labrusse; 1986 (July) François Lemoine (born 25-1-1938); 1988 (janv.) Philippe Guilhaume (1942-94); 1989 (Oct..) Jean-Pierre Hos (Born 6-6-1946); 1993 (15-10) Michel Bassi (Born 9-7-1935), Resigns 27-2-1996. 1996 Jacques-Louis Bayle (Born 1-9-1939), Resigns 3-10-1997. 1997 (10-10) Roland Fiszel (Born 16-7-1948).

Statute. 1982 national co. with capital of State. Since 20-7-1982, does not profit any more of "the obligatory" control device of the public chains. 1986 anonymous co.: the capital must be held mainly by public organizations. 1992 group (co. mother with 9 subsidiary companies). 1994 co. mother caps 3 poles: production, studio, video. 1996-19-7 decree of privatization. 1997-30-4 suspended privatization (Cut and General water withdraws their offer). 1998-17-4 plan of rectification and associated social plan. Fusion of the 3 poles in the co. mother SFP SA. -11-6 double new issue of capital of 1 462 million F to absorb the losses. 2001-8-10 yielded to euro Media Television (70 %) associated Bolloré Investment (30 %) for 4,57 million euro. Manpower. 1985 (31-12): 2 515; 91: 1 427; 95: 1 035; 2000: 579; 02: 140 permanent. Studios. 18 film sets (from 150 to 1 100 m2) and 1 external decoration (1 500 m2). Establishments: studios of the Bry-on-Marne, of Boulogne-Billancourt, of St-Ouen, studios 130 and Gabriel studio.

Annual production. 1 700 H of programs including 1/6 in production.

Catalogue: 2 158 H of fictions and documentary. Sales turnover and, between brackets , deficit Net (in million F). 1985: 1 317 (- 3,5); 86: 1 193 (- 161,1); 87: 1 120 (- 160,8); 88: 1 070 (- 129,7); 89: 988 (- 383,4); 90: 852 (- 479); 91: 683 (- 197); 92: 666 (- 229,5); 93: 661 (- 218,9); 94: 650 (- 156); 95: 646 (- 282); 96: 684 (- 233); 97: 616 (- 180); 98 (is.) : 507; 99 (budget): 414 (- 25); 2000 (is.) : 360 (- 80); (in million euro): 2002: 30 State aid. Public contests (in million F): 1987-98: 3 641 of which State 3 241, France 3: 151,7; Seven 125,6, France 2: 122,7.

Headquarter. front 4, of Europe, 94366 the Cedex Bry-on-Marne.

Industrial and commercial publicly-owned establishment since 1974.

Origin: 1975 partition of the ORTF. 1982 law giving to Ina (national Institute of audio-visual) the property of the files 5 years after their diffusion. 1986 time brought back to 3 years. 1992 law of the 20-6 giving to Ina the responsibility of manage the registration of copyright of the audio-visual eurouvres.

Chairman. 1976 (June) Pierre Emmanuel (1916-84); 1979 (May) Gabriel de Broglie (born 21-4-1931); 1981 (seven.) Joel TAC (Born 15-2-1918); 1983 (janv.) Jacques Pomonti (Born 1-8-1938); 1987 (janv.) Janine Langlois-Glandier (Born 16-5-1939); 1990 (13-1) George Fillioud (Born 7-7-1929); 1994 (6-7) Jean-Pierre Teyssier (Born 23-7-1940); 1999 (13-1) Francis Beck (Born 11-5-1947); 2001 (14-2) Emmanuel Hoog (Born 15-9-1962). Manpower. 1993: 850; 98: 991; 99: 970; 2000: 943; 03: 930; 04: 945.

Missions. Preserve and exploits the audio-visual files of the national companies of programs; manage the registration of copyright of the radio operator or televised documents sound and audio-visual; contribute to the innovation and research in the field of the audio-visual production; ensure the formation continues with the trades of audio-visual and the multi-media one. Preserved files (in thousands of hours): radio 1 100 (of which melt threatened to digitize 462), television 900 (227).

Budget (result 2004 in million euro). Sales turnover: 100,1. Net income: 1,01. Financings: royalty of operation 68,3, receipts contractual 31,8 (of which services of filing and transfers of rights 19,5, formation 7,3, production 2,3, activities of research project 1,6, various 1).