Before 1985. Regulation: an authorization is necessary. The amateurs should not cause any jamming at the official stations functioning in these bands, under penalty of prohibition. Authorized systems: television sets monochromic, 405 or 625 lines or compatible of television color between 1 250 and 1 260 MHz. Bands: 434,5-440 MHz and 1 250-1 260 MHz. Provided power: limited to 70 Watts at the time when the power HF emitted is maximum. Antennas used: as far as possible, with vertical polarization in the band 1 250-1 260 MHz.

1985-4-1 Pt Mitterrand declares being "for freedom" but "the problem is of knowing how to organize it". -10-1 G Fillioud, secr. of State to the Techniques of the communication, proposes the creation of 2 national networks controlled by editors of private programs; each network would have as a base a group of press, a co. of production and distribution and an advertising group. -11-1 nonsuit of an examining magistrate of the court of Paris in favour of Éric Féry and Michel Fiszbin, persons in charge for the emissions of the private TV Antenna 1, accused of use of unauthorized radioelectric frequency; the ordinance is based on the observation of a discrepancy between the concepts of concession and authorization (a nonsuit of the same judge in favour of J.-L. Bessis, organizer of Channel 5, the 29-8-1984, had been cancelled by the court of criminal appeal which had ordered the reference of prevented in front of the correctional court). -14-1 Harrowing R. announces "immediate creation" with various partners of TVE (Teleurop), which would emit of 6 H with 12 midnight, with 4 H daily of programs availability of regional and local stations; dir. gén.: Philippe Ramond. -20-2 creation of a co. "Europe 1" (50/50 % of the capital) for a system of private television nat.. -4-3: 225 requests for attribution of frequency addressed to the High Authority since January (Island-of-france 40, the Rhone-Alps 14, Provence-Coast of Azure 11, the Midday-Pyrenees 11, Pays of the Loire 8, Aquitaine 1). -20-5 report/ratio of Jean-Denis Bredin (ordered the 14-1 per L Fabius) recommending the creation of 2 private chains of TV diffused in light, financed by publicity and functioning under the mode of the concession envisaged to art. 79 of the law of the 29-7-1982 and, at the local level, of private chains diffused in light, financed by publicity. But the political, technical and financial constraints lead to the construction of the TV deprived starting from national and nonlocal chains. -20-12 the owners of sites or high buildings will not be able to be opposed to the installation, "on their roof, terraces or superstructures", of means of emission per hertzian way, decided by the publicly-owned establishment of diffusion, which preserves the monopoly of diffusion on the French territory. The opposition will fight this amendment considered by it intended to prevent the Town of Paris from laying out as it hears it Eiffel tower when enter the facts regional televisions.

1986-16-3 the local TVS reach the new advertising sectors and can stop by spots the course of the programs. Roast, times and quota of programming of films is aligned on those into force in the public utility. Each local television must diffuse an original program (approximately 1 H at least) conceived or composed by each station, its duration will have and be able to resort "directly or indirectly" to the same supplier of programs common to several stations for more than 50 % of the duration of its programming.

Some dates. 1974 TF1 becomes co. of program following the bursting of the ORTF. 1975 beginning of the emissions color (completion in 1981). the first 1984 emissions of the morning the weekend. 1987-4-4 the CNCL grants to Francis Bouygues a concession for 10 years. the 1996-26-3 SCA renews the concession until 2002.

Association "Change the One" deposited 4-4-1996 recourse in front of the Council of State against the absence of call to candidatures in spite of "failures" of the chain since 1987.

Privatization. Circumstances: several groups or co.s were interested by TF1: Silvio Berlusconi, Francis Bouygues, Filipacchi, Robert Harrowing, Hatchet, Robert Maxwell, Bernard Tapie. In April 1987 remained on the rows: Hatchet (associate with Havas, but Havas had withdrawn the 9-2-1987); Bouygues, which had animated a transferee group including/understanding: Bouygues 50 %, Pergamon Media Trust Peak (Maxwell, GB.) 20, GMF (Guaranteed mutual of the civils servant) Fnac 6, world Editions 4, general co. 4, Maxwell Media (F) 4, group Bernard Tapie 3,33, Financial Faltas 3, Indosuez 2,32, Crédit Lyonnais 2,17, co. for the development of TV 0,17, Item 0,6, group Marie-Claire 0,2, Expansion 0,1, the Daily newspaper of Doctor 0,033, Gallimard 0,033, François Dalle 0,017, Le suil 0,017, Fleurus 0,017 and Société Presses like associated partner.

First phase: the 1987-16-4 State sells 50 % of TF1 with the group animated by Bouygues for 3 billion F (given cheque the 16-4), that is to say to 285 F the action. One expected then, according to the promise of the PM Jacques Chirac, with the suppression, after one transitional period, of publicity on the public chains. TF1 and the Five could thus have shared 5 billion F of advertising receipts.

2e phase: 1987-July offers public sale for 50 % remaining. The 23-6, the Commission of privatization had confirmed the minimal value of TF1 to 4,5 billion F and had fixed at 1,5 billion the minimal price transfer of 50 %. Out of 10 500 000 actions, 7 636 000 with nominal of 10 F (that is to say 36,40 % of the capital) are yielded by public offer of sale, to 165 F the action, and 2 040 000 are offered to the sale to paid and former employees, to 132 F Of the terms of 3 years payment are granted to them. They profit from a bonus share for an action acquired within the limit of 4 815 F, that is to say 36 titles, provided that the titles thus acquired are preserved at least 1 year as from the day when they became transferable. TF1 proposes to them, moreover, of the loans representing from 2 to 4 months of wages, refundable over 8 years at the rate of 1,5 %. investment funds enables them to buy actions with half price (for each frank paid by the personnel, the One gives 1 F). 824 000 actions are put in reserve by the State in order to ensure the free attribution of actions the small carriers and paid under the conditions envisaged by the law. The small carriers are served the first to 10 titles per anybody. They can profit from a bonus share for 5 bought actions with the proviso of preserving them at least 18 months and within the limit of an exchange-value not exceeding 25 000 F. -24-7: the 1st quotation on the gone 2d: bid price to public 165 F, 1st course 178 F, run it + high 210 F - at the end of Dec. the course is always higher than the 1st course, whereas the Stock Exchange drops of more than 30 %. 1 384 paid or former employees are then shareholders of their co., having subscribed 2,33 % of the capital on 10 % reserved by the law. 1999-7-6: the 1st quotation with the monthly payment. 2000-10-5 entry in Cac 40.

The french stockbrokers Cholet-Dupont had estimated TF1 at 3 billion F, that is to say 140 F approximately by action while resting on: 1o) the prospect for the benefit; 2o) the credit net: 653 million to the 31-12-1986, is 22 F per action; 3o) of the international comparisons; 4o) of the French comparisons: the cours/bénéfice report/ratio of Hatchet or of Cut was 20 [ what would have given for TF1 a value of 3,8 billion (180 F by action) ].

Headquarter.   1, quai du Point-du-Jour, 92656 Boulogne Cedex.

Buildings. 45 000 m2 of offices and studios.

Headcount (to the 31-12-2004). 3 867 (of which journalists 563, frameworks 2 440, supervisors 775, employed 74, URP 15).

Direction. Chairman: Patrick Lay (Born 7-6-1942). Vice-Pt, dir. gén. antenna: Étienne Mougeotte (born 1-3-1940). Dir. antenna: Jean-François Lancelier (n.c.). Director gén. TF1 Publicity: Claude Cohen. Dir. of the sports: Charles Villeneuve (Born 19-7-1941). Dir. gén. assistant of information: Robert Namias (Born 29-4-1944). Dir. associated with information: Claire Chazal (born 1-12-1956), Dir. delegated at Dir. of information: Patrick Pepper of Arvor (born 20-9-1947), assistant Dir. in charge of the development in areas: Jean-Pierre Pernaut (Born 8-4-1950). Dir. programming: Elizabeth Durand (Born 12-4-1967). Dir. French fiction and Pt of TF1 Production: Takis Candilis (born the 27-10-1954). Dir. external communication and relations: Édouard Baccon-Gibod (born 29-8-1965). Functional Dir. gén. assistant: Jean-Pierre Morel (Born 12-6-1950). Dir. of the programs of flow: Frank Firmin-Guion (Born 10-12-1965). [ Before the repurchase: Pt: Herve Bourges (born 2-5-1933). ]

Statute. SA. Capital (in %, to the 31-12-2004): shareholders acting in concert 42,9 (of which Bouygues 41,5, general co. 1,4), other France 1 35,4 (including paid 3,3), self-checking and autodétention 0,1, Europe (except France) 16,6, others (except Europe) 5. Source: Euroclear statement with 31-12-2004.

Foot-note: (1) Including carrying not identified.

Sales turnover and, between brackets, benefit consolidated Net (of billion F). 1990: 5,82 (0,303); 91: 6,48 (0,341); 92: 7,43 (0,451); 93: 7,76; 94: 8,42 (0,542); 95: 9,1 (0,602); 96: 9,68 (0,575); 97: 10,31 (0,482); 98: 10,9 (0,716); 99: 12,1 (1,052); 2000: 14,9 (1,641); (in million euro): 01: 2 282,2 (210,2); 02: 2 655,3 (155,2); 03: 2 768,7 (191,5); 04: 2 861,5 (220,1).

In July 1996, the SCA authorized TF1 to make 6 minutes advertising cuts (instead of 4). Additional receipts (is.) : 722,8 million F/an.

Diffusion. Ensured by TDF thanks to 112 transmitters and 3 161 relay transmitters. Was made in 819 lines black and white on network VHF, then in 625 lines color on the new network UHF inaugurated the 1-1-1976 and whose national cover is ensured since July 1981, in 625 lines color on network FR3 since the 1-9-1975, at midday and the afternoon, until the starting of its own emissions: 18 H or 18. 35. Lawful and conventional obligations in 1999. 1o) Diffusion: average daily service: 14 H, information: 800 H of information (television news + magazines). ·uvres audio-visual French-speaking people or European new: 120 H per annum in 1st part of evening. Spectacles and concerts: 12 dramatic, lyric or choreographic spectacles and 10 H in concerts by French orchestras. ·uvres cinematographic: 192 films to the maximum per annum including 104 between 8 p.m. 30 and 22. 30. No diffusion in evening before 8 p.m. 30, nor Wednesday, Friday evening (except Movies Club), Saturday all the day or Sunday before 8 p.m. 30 % of ·uvres TV: EU 60 %, of French original expression 40, non-European 39,4. 2o) Production: conditions: clean means of production: data transmission and 50 % of the annual volume of the emissions other than fictions (external means of production). Independent producers: 10 % of the sales turnover Net (·uvres audio-visual French-speaking people). French-speaking orders of ·uvres: audio-visual: 16 % of the sales turnover Net; cinematographic: 3,2 %. 3o) Publicity: max. duration of the screens: 6 min by H of antenna on average daily, 12 min for 1 a.m. given. Advertising cuts: ·uvres cinematographic and audio-visual: single cut; other emissions: all 20 min at least. Newspapers TV: none. 4o) Sponsorship: decree of 27-3-1992. 5o) Tele purchase (decision of the SCA, 20-10-1992): maximum duration by emission: 10 min; by week: 120 min, by day: 1 h. Programmation: 0 h-11 H and 14 h-16 H (except Sunday, Wednesday and Saturday afternoon). Judgments: 1990-25-1 Court of Appeal of Lyon: missed with its mission "of serving the general interest, by ensuring honesty, the independence and the pluralism of information". 1992-3-7 TGI (Court of Bankruptcy) of Quimper: infringement with the law relating to the fight against alcoholism and the nicotinism (obligation of 10 000 F by sequence shot to be paid at the national Committee against the nicotinism). 1993-11-3 Court of Appeal of Versailles: unfair competition with regard to Antenna 2, inventor of the Night of the heroes (55 million F of damages). 1994-8-6 TGI of Paris: failure of objectivity in the presentation of information on the commune of Suze-the-Russet-red. 1995-18-1 TGI of Nanterre: emission Steps of glory: "TF1 cannot shelter behind the needs for the legitimate information of the public to justify the diffusion without agreement of the interested party" 1996-12-3 TGI of Paris: Patrick Lay, Pt of TF1, and Patrick Sebastien condemned to pour a fine of 30 000 F for incentive with racial hatred.

Group TF1 (February 2005). Antenna: TF1 SA. Principal subsidiary companies. Antennas France: TF1 Publicity 100; GIE Aphelie 95; TF1 Undertaken (100 % of a Music hold, 50 % of New Editions TF1) 100; Téléshopping 100; Eurosport France 100; Pink TV 11,4; TMC 40; TF1 DIGITAL (100 % of History, LCI, the co. of exploitation hold the documentary ones -, 50 % of TF6, Extension TV - Series Club) 100; Ushuaïa TV 100; TV Breizh (60 % of West Information hold) 71,1; E-TF1 (100 % of TFou hold) 100; Glem (75 % of Southern Quay hold) 100; Very Audio-visual Production 100; Alma Productions 100; TF1 Publicity Production 100; Yagan Productions 100; Studios 107 100; TF1 Films Production 100. International Antennas: Eurosport (100 % of Eurosales hold, 60 % of KSO) 100; Sportitalia 29. Distribution: Satellite television TPS (100 % of TPS Sport, TPS Interactif hold, Multivision, TPS Terminaux, TPS Motivation, Sent, TPS Jeunesse, TPS Foot, TPS Cinéma) 100. Audio-visual rights: Video TF1 100; International Co of communication - CIC (49 % of Sylver hold) 100; International TF1 (hold 50 % of TFM Distribution, 100 % of Ciby DA, 49 % of Téléma) 100; Ciby 2000 100; Audio-visual Right TCM 50. Various activities: Publications Subway France 34; TV 49 Preceded; Visiowave 80.

Contribution to the products of exploitation and, between brackets, to the consolidated net income (in million euro, 2004): 2 861,5 (220,1) of which antennas France 1 995,4 (213,4), distribution 380,1 (3,4), rights audio-visual 226,4 (13), international antennas 239,2 (2,5), various 20,4 (5,4).