|
 | Television
worldwide |
WAVES
(characteristics, allocated frequency bands, channel,
DAB - Digital Audio Broadcasting) | |
| FRENCH NETWORKS (waves - radio relay systems, satellites, cable) | |
| TELEVISION (band-width, bouquet, camera, numerical compression, decoder, definition, screen, transmitters, home cinema, mac, video tape recorder, multiplexing, pay per view, pixel, péritel, receiver, control, rétroprojection, remote control...) | |
| TELEVISION(... color TV... ) | |
| TELEVISION (... high definition television- TVHD, numerical television, paying television, satellite television, television by ADSL, television by mobile, transmission, tridimensionality, video, videodisk, video transmission, vidéoprojection) | |
| STORY (television, private local stations) | |
| STATISTICS (equipment, information, antennas, cameras, decoders, video tape recorders, television sets) | |
| INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UER, ASBU, ABU, CBU, CIRTEF, CRPLF, Eureka audio-visual, Eurimages, Eurovision/Euroradio, EVN, Ibero-americano, Media 95, NANBA, European Observatory of audio-visual, URTI, URTNA, television markets) | |
| MAIN AWARDS AND FESTIVALS FOR TELEVISION (Awards from foreign associations) | |
| Television in France |
| 1793 - 1981(ORTF) | |
| 1982 - 2001(Haca, CNCL, CSA) | |
| PUBLIC SERVICES BROADCASTING AND TELEVISION (CSA, TDF, SFP, INA) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (Radio France Internationale -RFI, France Télévisions, France 2...) | |
| STATE COMPANIES (...France 3, France 5, Canal France International - CFI, RFO, Arte, SOFIRAD) | |
| CABLE IN FRANCE (Some dates) | |
| LE CABLE IN FRANCE (Some figures) | |
| EUROPEAN SATELLITES TV (Asiasat 2, Astra, Atlantic Sat, BSB, Eutelsat, Globalstar, Hispasat, HS 601, Intelsat, Kopernikus, Marco Polo, Olympus, TDF, Télécom 1, Télé X, Thor, Tv-Sat 1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (TF1) | |
| PRIVATE TELEVISIONS (Canal +, La Cinq, Canalsat, M6) | |
| LOCAL TELEVISIONS | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Share of audience, duration of listening, investigations of audience, records of audiences) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations, share of audience, by kind, age bracket) | |
| TV AUDIENCE (Médiamétrie Investigations - continuation, Associations of televiewers, telephobia associations) | |
| BUDGET (finance law, fiction, right of diffusion, cost of some emissions, investments, royalty, open televisions accounts) | |
| YOUTH RATING (History, categories, committees of visionnage, criteria recommended by the CSA) | |
| MANPOWER (Permanent manpower in the audio-visual, manpower of the chains, number of companies) | |
| TELEVISION ADVERTISING (Audience, forms, legislation, spots diffused, advertising duration, advertising investments, advertising receipts, taxes, volumes, tariffs, TF1, France 2, France 3, Canal +, France 5, M6, international comparisons) | |
| SHOPPING TV (Messageries, television, defense of the consumerr) | WAGES (sporting Consultants - remunerations by events covered in €, wages of the principal organizers) |
| LINKS (Audio-visual: Radio/Television) | |
| LINKS (News and media, TV magazines) | |
| LINKS (Leisure, Television) | |
TÉLÉVISIONS PRIVÉESCANAL+ Canal+ SA. Co. of edition and diffusion of the encrypted paying chain. Created 1982, brought into service 4-11-1984. Statute: SA having had a concession of public utility for 12 years of the 6-12-1983 to 6-12-1995; 1995-6-12 authorization to emit, 2000-29-11 taken back for 5 years as from 6-12; - Dec. Vivendi/Seagram/Canal+ bringing together, separation of the activities of chain and distribution. Chairman: 1984 Andre Rousselet (born 1-10-1922; 16-2-1994 will resign). 16-2-1994 Pierre Lescure (Born 1-7-1945; Revoked 26-4-2002), 26-4-2000 Domenica Farrugia (Born 2-9-1962; 20-3-2003 Will resign), 20-03-2003 Bertrand Meheut (Born 22-9-1951). Capital (in %, to the 31-12-2004): Vivendi Universal 48,5, industrial Credit of Alsace and Lorraine 11,66, Pathé 3,93, Swiss Credit First Boston (Europe) Ltd 3,88, Case of the Deposits and Consignments 1,11, SG Option Europe 1,09, self-checking 0,05, public 27,78. Run of the action (to the 31-12, out of F) and, between brackets, output (in %): 1990: 823 (3,6); 91: 1 023 (3,4); 93: 1 116 (3,4); 94: 855 (2,6); 95: 918 (3,3); 96: 1 146 (2,6); 97: 1 119 (2,7); 98: 1 525 (2,1); 99 (action divided by 4 into July): 948 (0,8); (in ·): 2000 1: 3,83 (5,9); 01: 3,58 (7,5); 02: 4,48 (6,7); 03: 4,83 (6,5); 04: 5,74 (3,8). Consolidated budget (of billion F). Sales turnover: 1995: 10,16; 96: 11,63; 97:13,59; 98: 16,23; 99: 21,6; (in million ·): 2000 1: 1 590; 01: 1 530; 02: 1 520; 03: 1 477; 04: 1 449. Net income: 1995: 0,67; 96: 0,74; 97: 1,53; 98: - 0,185; 99: - 2,2; (in million ·): 2000 1: 26; 01: 36; 02: 39; 03: 33; 04: 38. Resources coming from the subscriptions: 1995: 8,18; 96: 8,9; 97: 9,95; 98: 12,6; 99: 17,1; (in million ·): 2000 1: 1 430; 01: 1 445; 02: 1 432; 03: 1 392; 04: 1 348. Advertising receipts and sponsorship: 1995: 0,46; 96: 0,44; 97: 0,48; 98: 0,54; 99: 0,7; (in million ·): 2000 1: 106; 01: 71; 02: 73; 04: 84. Own capital stocks: 1995: 7,66; 96: 9,47; 97: 10,88; 98: 10,13; 99: 7,4; (in million ·): 2000 1: 141; 01: 157; 02: 173. Treasury and, between financial brackets, debts: 1995: 3,27 (1,13); 96: 1,56 (1,18); 97: 3,65 (4,38); 98: 3,96 (3,95); 99: 6,2 (9,16); (in million ·): 2000: 186 (28); 01: 16 (101); 02: 29 (11). Permanent average manpower. 1995: 2 219; 99: 4 635; 2001 1: 964; 01: 814 (in 12 countries); 02: 884; 04: 765. Foot-note: (1) New legal perimeter. Design features. Simultaneous emission into analogical in the French standard Secam and numerically in standard MPEG2 with format DVB. Subscription (in 2005): into analogical: 29,90 ·/mois; numerically: Channel + Bouquet 31,90 ·/mois. Programs: 35 films/mois diffused 7 times, including 1 for deaf persons and deaf people. 2 sections of information per day; serials, telefilms, series, spectacles, sports. Visible emissions "in light" (without decoder) 6 H per day. In 2004, 8 760 H of programs. Types of programs (in %, 2004): cinema 42, sports 16,3, émission/divertissement 17,5, fiction 15,9, documentary 3,2, others 5,1. Modes of reception. Analogical terrestrial reception: Syster decoder. Analogical satellite reception: satellite Atlantic Bird 3: satellite receiver + Syster decoder + parabola 70 cm. Numerical: Astra satellite: parabola 50 cm + final Médiasat or cable with numerical terminal of the câblo-operator, ADSL. A number of bought and, between brackets, nonaffected decoders at the end of the period in France: 1991: 613 920 (561 891); 93: 869 934 (401 948); 94: 1 013 688 (316 081); 95: 1 143 306 (218 873); 96: 246 354 (524 496); 97: 566 744; 98: 492 131; 99: 349 140; 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004: n.c. Group Canal+. Anonymous co. with directory and Board of trustees, holding of the Canal+ group born of the bringing together, in December 2000, of the co.s Canal+, Vivendi and Seagram. Principal co.s held in % of participation (to the 31-12-2002): Canal+ SA 49 %, Canal+ Distribution 100 %, CanalSatellite 66 %, Canal+ Governed 100 %, Studiocanal, Overseas Media 100 %. French Chains, a number of subscribers (in thousands, to the 31-12-2004): Canal+ 4 950 (4 620 in 2000), CanalSatellite 2 990. International participations (to the 31-12-2004): Media Overseas (Channel + Poland and Canal + Horizons). Other participations (in %, to the 31-12-2004): 3 580. LA CINQ History. 1986-20-2 State grants concession for 18 years to group consisted Fininvest 40 %, SEPC 60 (of which, in %, Chargeurs SA 52, Heljer 11, Europe 1 10, Française of communication 7,5, MSC 10, RMC 5, Quercynoise of participation 4, the Event of Thursday 0,5). It is the 1st chain commercial general practitioner Fr. 1987-2-2 State cancels, by decree, treaty of concession. -10-2 constitution of the co. of exploitation of the Five (capital of 250 000 F, carried with 1 billion). -23-2 allotted by CNCL to the group Harrow-Berlusconi-Jerome Seydoux. The Five was also coveted by a group animated by Jimmy Goldsmith [ General Western (J Goldsmith) 25 %, David de Rothschild and associates 25, Co of the South (Bernard Pagezy) 25, Packer (Australian group) 20, Worms and Co 5 ]. 1988-23-2 Five request in the State 3,7 billion F of repair for undergone damage. -24-5 Hatchet partially acquires 22 % of the capital in substituent with the Harrowing group and Jean-Marc Vernes. 1990-28-5 Hatchet and Vernes group authorized by SCA to hold 22 % each one of the capital. Departure of the Chargers group, the Echoes, Télémétropole and the agricultural Mutual insurance companies Groupama. -23-10 the SCA authorizes Hachette to take 25 % and with becoming operator. 1991-8-3 reduction of the capital to 23,93 million F to regularize a redemption partial of the total deficit of 2,9 billion F. -17-12 Hatchet announces plane social "survival" envisaging 576 suppressions of employment. -31-12 liquidation. 1992-2-1 declared in suspension of payments. -3-2 Berlusconi group: plan of recovery; -24-3 gives up. -3-4 bankruptcy. -12-4 end of the emissions. 1993-15-11 administrative court condemns the State to pour 150 million F to the shareholders from old Five. Sales turnover (of billion F, 1991). 1 100. Deficit: 1987: 0,85; 88: 0,84; 89: 0,5 (not included/understood 0,116 fines); 90: 0,55; 91: 1,121. Liability (liabilities or receivables): 3,6 without counting 0,8 of credits given up by Hatchet and Fininvest (0,4 each one). Those due to the banks (CCF, general co., Crédit Lyonnais, Vernes group) reach more than 1 billion F. 44 co.s of production estimate their credits at 270 million F (delivered productions but not paid, in turning or with the study), but, several of these productions having required international round tables, the loss would be 550 million F Effectifs: 910 paid (576 permanent including 122 journalists). Number of transmitters. Févr. 1987 (with its creation): 54; févr. 89: 168. Served population: June 1987: 45 %; 90: 60,6 % under good conditions. Goes down for hearing: 1987: 7 % of the audience nat.; 88: 10,9; 89: 14; 91: 11 CanalSat. Launched 14-11-1992 into analogical (6 chains), 27-4-1996 numerically (14 chains). Pt: Bertrand Meheut. DG: Guy Lafarge. Capital (in %): Canal+ 66, Lagardere 34. Sales turnovers (in million F): 1995: 463; 97: 1 234; 98: 2 299; 99: 3 201; 2000: 3 870; 01: 4 500; (in million ·): 02: 790; 03: 900; 04: n.c. Subscribers (in thousands, to the 31-12): 2000: 1 932; 01: 2 228; 02: 2 520; 03: 2 750; 04: 2 990. "Bouquet" diffused on Astra since 27-7-1996: more than 290 chains and services including 65 of satellite exclusiveness. Equipment: numerical decoder Mediasat rented 8 · per month; with hard disk and double Pilotime tuner rented 15 · per month. Price of the monthly subscription (in ·, 2005): CanalSat sets of themes 18,99, family 24,90, cinema 26,90, large spectacle 28,90. M6 Headquarter. 89, avenue Charles-de-Gaulle, 92575 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex. History. the 1986-22-2 State grants a concession for 18 years to a group consisted general co. of management, distribution and marketing of Gilbert Gross. Approximately 200 million F [ distributed between Publicis (25 %), Gaumont (25), NRJ (18), Gross (12); 20 between management team of the chain, private people and co.s of musical edition ]. - cancelled concession August but the chain will continue to emit until February. 1987-23-2 allotted by CNCL to co. Metropolis of Television, constituted by CLT and Lyons of water. 4 other candidates were in presence: Maurice Lévy [ Publicis 25 %, Gaumont 25, GGDM (Gilbert Gross) 12, NRJ 18, personnel of chain 10 ], Jean Drucker [ CLT 25, Lyons of water 25, group Amaury 10, Marine Karmitz 2,5, Suez, Paribas, UAP, Parfrance (Brussels-Lambert group) 37,5 ], UGC [ UGC 25, editors musical (CBS, PolyGram, Virgin) 20, independent editors 5, artists 5, personnel 7,5, banking houses 12,5 ], Canal+ [ Canal+ 15, Bayard Presses 15, Larousse-Nathan 15, IDDH (co. of animated drawings) 15, other partners (editors of plays and banks) 40 ]. -1-3 launching (authorization: 10 years). Emission: 96 H per week. 1988-janv. 133 H per week. - July 24 h/24. 1993-8-3 creation of Series Club on the cable (subsidiary company 100 % of M6). 1994-28-9 M6 placed on the Stock market with 260 F (2d gone Paris). 1996-14-2 SCA renews authorization to emit without call with candidatures. Creation of Téva. -22-2 Fun TV launched on TPS. -5-3 M6 Music launched on TPS. 1999 acquire club of football of Of Gironde of Bordeaux. 2000-13-4 Albert Frère enters to the board of directors. -26-5 group obtains with a directory and a board of trustees. -5-6 launching of the FAI and gate M6net.fr leisure. 2001-27-2 SCA authorizes renewal of the authorization to emit as from the 28-2-2002 per 5 years subject to the signature of a new convention. - Spring: diffusion of "Loft Story", 1st emission of French telereality (produced by Endemol for 16 million €). Direction. Pt of the board of trustees: Albert Frère (born 4-2-1926) [ before: Jean Drucker (12-8-1941/18-4-2003) ]; directory: Nicolas de Tavernost (born 22-8-1950). Vice-Pt of the directory, dir. of the programs: Thomas Valentine (Born 3-9-1954).. Capital (distribution in %, to the 4-2-2004). RTL Group 48,39 (34 % of the voting rights), Suez-Lyons of water 5; floating 45,7, self-checking 0,91. Budget. Sales turnover negotiated gross and, between brackets, net income (in million F): 1987: 70 (- 371,3); 88: 280 (- 405,8); 89: 450 (- 354,9); 90: 700 (- 159); 91: 880 (- 120); 92: 1 261 (152); 93: 1 557 (115,4); 94: 1 809 (230,7); 95: 2 042 (344,4); 96: 2 375 (237,5); 97: 3 000 (311,3); 98: 3 500 (403,5); 99: 4 100 (507,1); 2000: 4 870,5 (103,5); (in million ·): 01: 845,3 (116,2); 02: 948,5 (111,8); 03: 1 176,9 (131,6); 04: 1 223 (138). Share of the advertising market (in %): 1990: 7,6; 95: 16,1; 96: 16,7; 97: 17; 2000: 21,4; 01: 22,9; 03: 22,4; 04: 22,1. Manpower. Numbers the permanent ones: 2004: 1 224 of which chains 493, subsidiary 731. Subsidiary companies. M6 Publicité (created March 1987) 100 %: publicity of M6, Series Club, Téva, Paris First, Fun TV, M6 Music, Publications M6 Interactions, ATV a Guadeloupe, ACG. M6 Films (created déc. 1990) 100 %: production of ·uvres cinematographic. Metropolis Television (created July 1991) 99,9 % and C Productions 100 %: production of ·uvres audio-visual. Extension TV (Created déc. 1992) 99,9 %: edition of programs (Series Club), Sedi TV (Téva) 50 %, EDI TV M6 Music 100 %, Fun TV 50 %. M6 Interactions (created Oct.. 1992) 100 %: diffusion of video-cassettes, editions phonographic, press, sales of derived products. HSS (Home Shopping Service: created 2-3-1996, held to 100 % since Oct.. 1998): armchair shopping. M6 Droits audio-visual (created Nov.. 94) 100 %: purchase and marketing of catalogues of programs, transfer of rights. TPS 25 %. M6Web (2000): 100 %. SND: 100 %. Of Gironde of Bordeaux (1999): 100 %. Programs. Times of programming cinema: rules public utility (3 years or 2 years if the film is coproduit by the chain). Quotas: rules public utility (60 % of films EU, including 50 % of films of French expression). Roast: rules public utility. A number of films: 104. Financial contributions: 1,5 % of the resources affected to the account of support cinema. Clean production (in 1995): 1 000 H; videos clip: 105. Financial contributions: 3 % of the resources for the account of support, 20 % of the sales turnover assigned to the financing of ·uvres of creation. Information: 7 go of information nat./j; 12 sites of unhookings of local information (1st site: Bordeaux, in 1989). A number of hours of emissions per day: 24 of which (in %) fiction TV 44, divertissement/music 40, magazines/documentaires 9,5, information 2,5, films full-length film 3,5, sports 0,3, others 0,2. Audiance. Number of transmitters and served population (in %): 1987 (1-3): 25 transmitters and 39 % of the pop france; 95: 836 and 90; 2001: n.c. and 82 (radio relay system; cable: 2 million subscribers; TPS: 100 % covered). On 12 midnight goes down for hearing (in % of the hearths): 1987: 1,8; 88: 4,9; 90: 7,6; 95: 12,1; 98: 13,4; 99: 14,1; 2000: 13,2; 01: 13,2; 02: 12,6; 04: 12,5. | ||||||||
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